Evangelio y Religión – José María Castillo

Achegamos un dos últimos artigos de José María Castillo que podemos ler en Redes Cristiás:

«El pasado día 17 de septiembre, el teólogo José Comblin pronunció en la UCA de San Salvador una conferencia que, desde hace algunas semanas, está circulando profusamente por la red. A mí me llegan todos los días varios correos con el texto de esta conferencia. El tema que propuso Comblin es estimulante y da que pensar, como ya lo indica el título del tema que trató: “¿Qué nos está pasando en la Iglesia?”

El texto completo de la conferencia se puede encontrar en www.atrio.org

Pues bien, del contenido del texto de Comblin, me parece que es de singular importancia la distinción que hace entre “evangelio” y “religión”. Confieso que me da pena el solo hecho de pensar en la cantidad de cristianos, bautizados, practicantes, personas de buena voluntad y de las mejores intenciones, que ni siquiera se han detenido a pensar, alguna vez por lo menos, en la diferencia radical que existe entre el evangelio y la religión.

Comblin lo dice de la forma más sencilla posible: “El evangelio viene de Jesucristo. La religión no viene de Jesucristo”. Y esto, ¿qué tiene que ver con lo que nos está pasando en la Iglesia? Muy sencillo: en la vida y el funcionamiento de la Iglesia, ocupa más espacio y tiene más importancia la religión que el evangelio. Así de claro.

Me explico. El evangelio expresa la voluntad de Dios que busca al hombre. La religión expresa la voluntad del hombre que busca a Dios. Por tanto, de entrada, evangelio y religión son dos movimientos radicalmente contrapuestos. Esto es lo primero que, antes que ninguna otra idea o proyecto, habría que tener en cuenta. Como habría que pensar muy en serio lo que esto representa. Por eso, entre otras razones, la religión es un “hecho cultural”, mientras que el evangelio es un “hecho contra-cultural”.

El hecho religioso, por más que tenga como punto de arranque alguna teofanía, es siempre un hecho que nace dentro de una cultura y siempre está marcado por esa cultura. Las religiones orientales tienen sus peculiaridades muy condicionadas por las culturas orientales. Como ocurre con las religiones africanas, etc. Por el contrario, el evangelio es siempre un movimiento que interpela a los oyentes de la Palabra (que es Jesús) a enfrentarse con no pocos elementos propios de la cultura, como son, por ejemplo, el ejercicio del poder, las leyes sobre la propiedad de los bienes, los privilegios de los notables, el uso del dinero, la relaciones de parentesco, etc.

Lo que acabo de indicar explica cómo y por qué, en el cristianismo, ocurre que la presencia de la religión (elaborada en la cultura de Occidente) tiene más presencia y es más determinante que el evangelio, que tendría que ser la fuerza de contestación y transformación de nuestra cultura de Occidente, que es, hasta hoy, la cultura dominante en un mundo sobrecargado de desigualdades, injusticias y violencias.

El hecho es que, como dice Comblin, las cosas han llegado a ponerse de manera que Jesús es más “objeto de culto” que “modelo de seguimiento”. Pero de sobra sabemos que el culto no cambia la vida de la gente, sino que más bien la tranquiliza. Sólo el seguimiento – que es lo que Jesús les pidió a los discípulos – sería capaz de movilizar a la gente para reorganizar una Iglesia más de acuerdo con el evangelio, aunque eso tuviera el enorme coste del enfrentamiento con tantos elementos anticristianos que han marcado la cultura en que vivimos.

Para terminar, una observación. El seguimiento de Jesús no es posible si no se vive una espiritualidad muy honda, una fe fuerte en el Padre del Cielo, como lo vivió el propio Jesús. En definitiva, se trata de comprender y asumir que seguramente nos sobran ritos y ceremonias; y nos falta la necesaria mística para seguir a Jesús.»

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